RIP Cliff Crawford

I’ve got the sad honor today of writing an obituary for Cliff Crawford, the retired University of New Mexico biologist for whom the word “beloved” carries only a fraction of the baggage that it should.

Cliff Crawford

Courtesy Albuquerque Journal

Cliff’s the dean of the dean of the bosque biologists, a group who study and love the riparian strip along the Rio Grande through New Mexico’s midsection. His academic children – K-12, undergrads, graduate students – are thick in this town, reifying the cliche about one’s work living after.

More over at the work blog, and in tomorrow’s newspaper. Services tomorrow (Wed. 9/7), and I’m told Bosque School, which was integral in Cliff’s educational work, is pulling together an event in October to honor Cliff’s legacy.

Water in the Desert: Domingo Baca Canyon

Domingo Baca spring, Sandia Mountains, September 2010

Domingo Baca spring, Sandia Mountains, September 2010

In search of the juniper titmouse and random desert wrens, I headed up the Domingo Baca trail in the foothills above Albuquerque this morning. As is the case with most of the little canyons on the west face of the Sandias, there’s a spring near the bottom of Domingo Baca Canyon. The tilt of the rock causes the water to pool behind a layer of granite and rise to the surface at basically the same strata in each canyon, near the base of the mountains. At least that’s what I think explains it. The little green patches are lovely and always popular, with hikers and with birds. (Apologies for the picture, as I only had a cell phone with me.)

Baca was an old sheepherder, or so the story goes, and you can still see what they say is the remains of his rock hut on one side of the canyon just downstream from the spring. There is no perennial water flowing out of the Sandias into the desert below, but up in these canyons the springs, feed by snowmelt, run year ’round. It’s where I’d put my cabin too if I was herding sheep.

There were some broad-tailed hummingbirds, presumably on their annual commute, stopping for a drink. Well, not so much “stopping” as flying frantically and acting confused by the bright reddish pink shirt of a woman who arrived at the spring the same time I did.

I saw a flock of juniper titmouses (titmice?) and the wonderful fall nut-burying behavior of the scrub jays. You can here the “tap tap tap” as they poke it into the dirt. But no wrens today, at least that I could find.

River Beat: The Charles H. Spencer

Without pack animals and before fueled machinery, the ability of a human to carry food placed a fundamental constraint on economic integration across large distances. Over any significant distances, a human would have to eat all the food they could carry, leaving none left for trade. Trade of small, high value items could go on over larger distances, but large scale agricultural shipping just wasn’t economically viable.

I was thinking of that today when reading the tale of the Charles H. Spencer, a steamboat built for use in a mining operation on the Colorado River in 1912. The boat was named after the entrepreneur behind the project, an effort to extract gold from the rocks around Lee’s Ferry, on the Colorado River in the remote desert of northern Arizona.

The Charles H. Spencer

The wreck of the Charles H. Spencer, 1915, courtesy USGS

Spencer needed coal to run his mining equipment, so he arranged for the construction of a small steamboat and a barge to haul the material from place called Warm Creek, some 28 miles upriver. (As an aside, the construction of the barge seems to have been, uhh, subsidized by Coconino County, the local government. A fellow named Bill Switzer, the elected county treasurer, was also on Spencer’s payroll.)

The steamboat was quite a sensation, and people came from all around to see it. If you’ve been to the area, you will understand how remarkable that is, as “all around” is pretty much wide open space. Prospectors came down river from Glen Canyon mining sites, and folks came all the way up from Flagstaff, which is more than 100 miles away.

Sadly, the Charles H. Spencer’s working career was short. It made one trip down from Warm Creek, lashed to the barge full of coal. But it never completed the return trip. One history I found said it took more coal to power the boat than it could carry. P.T. Reilly’s encyclopedic Lee’s Ferry: From Mormon Crossing to National Park argues that the boat was simply not powerful enough.

Spencer’s mining operation folded soon after, but what is left of the wreck of the Charles H. Spencer can still be seen by visitors to the National Park Service site at Lee’s Ferry. The wreck is, as near as I can tell, the only Abandoned Shipwreck formally protected by the U.S. National Park Service in the state of Arizona.

note 1 – Reilly’s book is strange and wonderful and exhaustively complete. I highly recommend it for river buffs, though it’s one of those books of a certain type that are best sampled in discrete chunks over time and as need arises. I relied on it for most of the description above.

note 2 – I’m pretty sure Warm Creek is now submerged beneath Lake Powell. Meaning I guess that it no longer exists. Anyone know if that’s right?

note 3 – The picture above is identified in the USGS archives with the name E.C. LaRue, who did a lot of the early hydrologic studies of the Colorado River, though it’s not clear whether LaRue took it, or rather that it was taken by someone on one of his survey teams.

River Beat: It’s the Temperature

In an interview over at Grist, Brad Udall reminds us that, as we think about the effect of climate change on the West, it’s not just the thorny question of whether precipitation rises or falls that matters. Despite the uncertainties surrounding that question, as temperatures rise (a projection about which there is considerably less uncertainty), available water falls:

[T]here were three years that were really bad at the beginning of the 2000s, 2001-2003. Almost all the years since then have been about average in terms of precipitation. But runoff has been significantly less. And we believe that these significantly high temperatures that we’ve been experiencing, especially over the last 10 years because of man’s emissions of greenhouse gases, have reduced the runoff in the river. What our research shows is a couple different things: We can develop relationships between temperature and runoff, and precipitation and runoff, and it appears that this system is very sensitive to increased temperatures.

To illustrate Brad’s point, some data from the Western Regional Climate Center. The first is precip for the Colorado headwaters climate division in eastern Colorado. You can see that precip has been low over the past decade, but we’ve seen dry spells like this before. Then look at temperature, specifically how much warmer it’s been than in previous droughts:

That’s what Brad’s talking about.

Daybook: Sept. 1, 2010

Water in the desert: not exactly nature, but close

Tingley ponds, Albuquerque, August 2010

Tingley ponds, Albuquerque, August 2010

Lissa and I were walking in the Rio Grande bosque, the riparian cottonwood forest, last night when the sun dropped below the clouds just before sunset and lit the trees across the pond with the most exquisite light. All we had was a cell phone camera, so I went back this evening at the same time hoping for the best. Nature did not disappoint.

Much like the Las Vegas Wash I wrote about in the spring, this is not “nature”. People built this pond as a habitat restoration project. It’s become a favorite birding and walking spot for us. This evening I saw a pair of summer tanagers dining on extremely large bugs in the cottonwoods. A ruddy duck and a coot were sitting on a jam of floating wood at one end of the pond. On the downstream end, the water spills out into a rich cattail marsh, all muddy and rich with bugs and birds. This year pampas grass has grown in towering clumps along the pond’s edge, and Lissa and were pondering whether someone had planted them, or whether they seeded themselves, escaped from gardens in the Country Club neighborhood just off the river to the east.

If this was nature, the Country Club neighborhood would be a swamp, and the riverside woods wood be clumps of cottonwoods here  and there, rather than a ribbon of trees locked into a narrow corridor by levees.

Nature or not? Important not to get too hung up on the question. I’d miss the lovely.

Water in the Desert: Tempe Town Lake

Tempe Town Not Lake

Tempe Town Lake sans water, July 2010, courtesy Titoxd

Great essay in High Country News by Jackie Wheeler about the strange and wonderful (and currently empty) Tempe Town Lake and our quirky relationship with water here in the affluent desert southwest:

In so many ways, Town Lake was frivolous, artificial, and naïve. It didn’t produce hydroelectric power. It wasn’t built by beavers or glaciers. Every several years, it has even lost its “lake” status when dam releases upstream dictate that the Salt flow free again. There are many rational reasons to fret about it, but when it comes to water, desert dwellers’ rationality dims. And not just human desert dwellers either; critters like beavers and ospreys had inexplicably begun appearing in the lake, to considerable acclaim.

Stuff I Wrote Elsewhere: It’s the Water Bottles

A bloggy bit from an ongoing project with Journal photographer Roberto Rosales on the trash in Albuquerque’s flood control system, and the people who try to catch it before it reaches the Rio Grande:

“The vast majority of the floatables were plastic water bottles,” Daggett told me. “You buy your plastic water bottle and it ends up in the Rio Grande.”

Drinking Fountains at the Ballpark

When Albuquerque’s new AAA baseball park opened in 2003, the drinking fountain by the restrooms on the third base side was somehow connected to a hot water line. I’m sure it was an accident, right? We’re dealing with the flaws of arguing from anecdote here, but Peter Gleick’s piece this week offers a number of other cases that are at least consistent with a trend:

It is time to stand up and demand that our public places and spaces have clean, working, water fountains. It used to be that no city in ancient Greece and Rome could call itself civilized unless public fountains were available for everyone. Even today, when our tap water is remarkably safe and inexpensive, we need water in our public areas.